This blog post was written for the course "Current Issues in Global and EU Affairs", which took place from February 12-April 30, 2018.
Protest at the Bourse du Travail in Paris Photograph by Rama, Wikimedia Commons, Cc-by-sa-2.0-fr |
Depending on the time period (early 1990s, 2015, or sometime in-between) and the geographic location of the host country, these conversations range anywhere from supportive narratives aimed at integrating peacefully and holistically new groups of immigrants (take Sweden and Germany, for example) – regardless of their status as either a refugee, asylum seeker, or economic immigrant – to threatening narratives that seemed geared toward ‘damage control’ and the quick assimilation or ejection of said immigrants (take Hungary, for example). The difference in the underlying assumptions behind these different narratives is that one (positive narratives) assumes the immigrants are likely to stay within the host country regardless of the circumstance from which they came; and the other (negative narratives) insists on returning to the status quo as soon as the refugee/asylum seeker’s sending country is safe, if not sooner. These positive narratives focus on proactive responses to immigration: occupational skills training (see Androulakis et al, 2017), mentor-based language immersion courses, community forums to bridge cultural divides (see Sjösvärd and Braddell, 2017), etc. The negative narratives focus on reactive responses aimed at triaging what are seen as negative impacts on the host society: forced detention camps, unattainable citizenship requirements (see Pulinx and Avermaet, 2017), repatriation, etc.
Both are presented as approaches to immigration control, sometimes in an effort to ensure the ‘European identity’ and ‘European way of life’ is maintained. We must ask ourselves, though: what is the European identity? We must ask the same question in the United States (US), particularly as immigration reform is rapidly shifting further toward xenophobia and isolationism through the use of curt words and an insistence on the power of walls to keep out unwanted ‘guests’. Are these European and American identities static, reflecting the individual cultures passed down through history and evident in the majority of each country’s infrastructure and society; or are they constantly in flux, accepting the reality that Europe, the US, and other ‘Great Powers’, are rooted as much in their history of freedom as they are tied to the multicultural groups of people who seek and fight for it (and have always done so)? If the later, then positive narratives aimed at cohabitating and integrating with newcomers to European societies and likewise to the US will continue to prove successful by teaching tolerance and acceptance with the understanding that this is a large world we live in and that differences are to be expected and cherished to ensure progress – as is the free movement of peoples in our irreversibly-globalized world. If the later, then, much like the static structures those sentiments cherish, any attempt at common identities and cohesiveness will crumble with the changing immigration tides.
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References:
Androulakis G, Gkaintartzi A, Kitsiou R, and Tsioli S (2017) Research-driven task-based L2 learning for adult immigratns in times of humanitarian crisis: results from two nationwide projects in Greece. De Gruyter. DOI: 10.1515/9783110477498-024
Council of Europe. European Culture: Identity and Diversity. In: Colloquy of the Council of Europe in cooperation with the French Minister of Culture and Communication and the City of Strasbourg, Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, 8-9 September 2005. Available at: https://www.coe.int/t/dg4/CulturalConvention/Source/CIMasterdoc_EN.pdf
Pulinx R and Avermaet P V (2017) The impact of language and integration policies on the social participation of adult migrants. De Gruyter. DOI: 10.1515/9783110477498-008
Sjösvärd K and Braddell A (2017) Using workplace learning to support the linguistic integration of adult migrants – lessons from a decade of work in Sweden. De Gruyter. DOI: 10.1515/9783110477498-044
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